Kvikksølv |
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Kvikksølv og påvirkning på helsetilstand
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Energi
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Kvikksølvforbindelser hemmer enzymet ATPase, som inngår i produksjon av energi i alle kroppens celler. Kvikksølv påvirker enzymer, cellemembraner og reseptorer. Svekket binyre aktivitet forekommer også. (Kronisk tretthet)
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Matintoleranse
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Kvikksølvforbindelser hemmer enzymet DPP IV som spalter gluten fra hvete og kasein fra melk
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Stoffskifte
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Kvikksølv har vist seg å konsentrere seg i skjoldbruskkjertelen og hypofysen, symptomene på kvikksølvforgiftning er derfor ofte lik symptomene på lavt stoffskifte: Depresjon, tretthet, redusert imunforsvar, søvnforstyrrelser, fordøyelsesproblemer og utmattelse. Ofte ser man autoimmun tyreoiditt/lavt stoffskifte og liten effekt av tyroksin behandling.
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Nervesystem
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Degenerering av nervefibre forekommer, spesielt de perifere sensoriske nervefibre. De vanligste sensoriske effekter er skjelvinger, smerter i lemmer, og visuelle og auditive forstyrrelser. Motoriske forstyrrelser fører til skjelvinger, endringer i gangart, svakhet og sløret tale. Andre symptomer er hodepine, utslett og følelsesmessige forstyrrelser.
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Generelle symptomer:
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Kvikksølv er årsaken til svært mange sykdommer og helseplager, og symptomene på kvikksølvforgiftning er mange. I følge den svenske legen Bo Nilsson, som er en foregangsmann i arbeidet mot bruken av amalgam som tannfyllingsmateriale, kan kvikksølvforgiftning gi minst 150 ulike symptomer. Vi nevner her de mest vanlige: utmattelse, hodepine/migrene, depresjoner, nervøsitet/ irritabilitet,tap av selvkontroll, konsentrasjons- og hukommelsessvikt, søvnforstyrrelser, svimmelhet, ledd- og muskelsmerter, øresus, funksjonelle mage- og tarmsymptomer. Lokale symptomer: brenning, svie og metallsmak i munnen. Immunologiske symptomer: residiverende influensaliknende symptomer.
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Påvisning av Kvikksølvforgiftning:
Både blod, urin og hår er blitt anvendt for å detektere kvikksølvforgiftning. Vi kan tilby alle disse analysemetodene. Vi anbefaler uansett håranalyse fordi denne analysen som regel viser høyere nivå enn blodnivåene og måler dessuten mineralene som beskytter mot kvikksølv. Blod og/eller urinprøve er som regel innenfor referanseområdet om ikke du har vært nylig eksponert. MERK ! Første håranalyse kan faktisk vise lave verdier fordi kvikksølvet er lagret i kroppens indre organer:Nyrer, øyne, hjerne, thyroidea og lever. Etter behandling og reanalyse stiger ofte verdiene fordi kvikksølvet vises i håret under utrens. |
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Hva viser våre analyser?
Når vi påviser kvikksølvforgiftning ser vi også typisk kobberoverskudd og mangel på mineralene selen og sink. Vi ser også svekket næringsopptak og generellt lave mineralverdier. Dette kan være fordi kvikksølv svekker DPP IV enzymet som spalter melk og hvete. Dette kan medføre gluten og melkeintoleranse og dermed svekket næringsopptak med påfølgende mineralmangler. Diagnoser knyttet til kvikksølv: Forskning knytter kvikksølv til autisme, ADHD, MS, schizofreni og andre nerverelaterte sykdommer. Boyd Haley, professor og forsker ved University of Kentucky knytter følgende diagnoser til kvikksølv: Autisme, ADHD, Alzheimer, Parkinson, ME, Gulf War Syndrome og ALS (Amyotrofisk lateralsklerose) Brennpunkt: Dokumentar om Kvikksølv
Brennpunkt: Kvikksølvjentene Brennpunkt: Kvikksølvbarna Brennpunkt: Tannlegeassistentene |
Kilder til kvikksølv:
Dentalt amalgam er en legering mellom sølv, tinn, kobber, sink og 50% kvikksølv. Denne legeringen er ikke stabil, noe som medfører kronisk frigjøring av kvikksølv. Vaksiner og vanndrivenede medisin (diuretika), inneholder kvikksølv. Barn kan bli født med kvikksølv som er gått gjennom morkaken fra sine mødre.Kvikksølv overføres til barn via morsmelk. Andre kilder: Fisk, drikkevann, sopp og algemiddel, insektsmiddel, sparepærer kosmetikk, desinfeksjonsmidler, yrkesmessig eksponering - papirproduksjon, oljeproduksjon, produksjon av klor. |
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Ønsker du å lese mer?
Kilder: http://www.tenneroghelse.no/default.asp?page=24&article=27
Litteratur:
1. International Programme on Chemical Safety. Environmental Health Criteria 118. Inorganic Mercury. Geneve: World Health Organization, 1991.
2. Brune D, Evje DM. Man’s mercury loading from a dental amalgam. Sci Total Environ 1985; 44: 51-63.
3. Hahn LJ, Kloiber R, Vimy MJ, Takahashi Y, Lorscheider FL. Dental "silver" tooth fillings: a source of mercury exposure revealed by whole-body image scan and Gewebe analysis. FASEB J 1989; 3: 2641-6.
4. Hahn LJ, Kloiber R, Leininger RW, Vimy MJ, Lorscheider FL. Whole-body imaging of the distribution of mercury released from dental fillings into monkey tissues. FASEB J 1990; 4: 3256-60.
5. Haikel Y, Gasser P, Salek P, Vogel C. Exposure to mercury vapor during setting, removing, and polishing amalgam restorations. J Biomed Meter Res 1990; 24: 1551-8.
6. Nishimura H, Hirota S, Tanaka O, Ueda M, Uno T. Normal mercury level in human embryos and fetuses. Biol Neonate 1974; 24: 197-205.
7. Drasch G, Schupp I, Höfl H, Reinke R, Roider G. Mercury burden of human fetal and infant tissues. Eur J Paediatr 1994, 153 (8 ): 607-10.
8. Waku K, Nakasawa Y. Toxic effects of several mercury compounds on SH- and non-SH enzymes. Toxicol Letters 1979; 4: 49-55.
9. Brookes N. In vitro evidence for the role of glutamate in the CNS toxicity of mercury. Toxicology 1992; 76: 245-56.
10. Kim P, Choi BH. Selective inhibition of glutamate uptake by mercury in cultured mouse astrocytes. Yonsei Med J 1995; 36 (3): 299-305.
11. Rossi A, Manzo L, Orrenius S, Vahter M, Nicotera P. Modifications of cell signaling in the cytotoxicity of metals. Pharmacol Toxicol 1991; 68: 424-9.
12. Uribe A, Chávez E, Jiménez M, Zazueta C, Moreno-Sánchez R. Characterization of Ca2+ transport in Euglena gracilis mitochondria. Biochim Biophys Act 1994; 1186:
13. Sugiyama M. Role of cellular antioxidants in metal-induced damage. Cell Biol Toxicol 1994; 10: 1-22.
14. Nielsen Kudsk F. Absorption of mercury vapour from the respiratory tract in man. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol 1965; 23: 250-62.
15. Hanson M, Pleva J. The dental amalgam issue - a review. Experientia 1991; 47: 10-22.
16. Patterson JE, Weissberg BG, Dennison PJ. Mercury in human breath from dental amalgams. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 1985; 34: 459-68.
17. Stutte H, Groth I. Zur Neuropathologie der Quecksilbervergiftung im Kindesalter. Fortschr Neurol Psychiat 1961; 29: 464-74.
18. Arvidson B, Arvidsson J, Johansson K. Mercury deposits in neurons of the trigeminal ganglia after insertion of dental amalgam in rats. Biometals 1994; 7 (3): 261-3.
19. Nylander M, Friberg L, Eggleston D, Björkman L. Mercury accumulation in tissues from dental staff and controls in relation to exposure. Swed Dent J 1989; 13: 235-43. 20. Hamre HJ. Amalgam og sykdom. Oslo: Vidarforlaget, 1993.
21. Hultman P, Johansson U, Turley SJ, Lindh U, Eneström S, Pollard KM. Adverse immunological effects and autoimmunity induced by dental amalgam and alloy in mice.
22. Berglund F. 150 Years of Dental Amalgam. Case reports spanning 150 years on the adverse effects of dental amalgam. Relationship to poisoning by elemental mercury.
23. Moberg L-E. Corrosion products from dental alloys and effects of mercuric and cupric ions on a neuroeffector system. Thesis. Huddinge: Faculty of Dentistry, 1985.
24. Grandjean P, Nielsen GD, Joergensen PJ, Hoerder M. Reference intervals for trace elements in blood: significance of risk factors. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1992; 52: 321-
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32. Skare I, Engqvist A. Human exposure to mercury and silver released from dental amalgam restorations. Arch Environ Health 1994; 49: 384-94.
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35. Koch P, Bahmer FA. Oral lichenoid lesions, mercury hypersensitivity and combined hypersensitivity to mercury and other metals: histologically-proven reproduction of the reaction by patch testing with metal salts. Contact Dermatitis 1995; 33 (5): 323-8.
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39. Foucard T, Gebre-Medhin M, Gustavson KH, Lindh U. Low concentrations of sodium and magnesium in erythrocytes from cystic fibrosis heterozygotes. Acta Paediatr Scand 1991; 80: 57-61.
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44. Gale TF. The amelioration of mercury-induced embryotoxic effects by simultaneous treatment with zinc. Environ Res 1984; 35: 405-12.
45. Fukino H, Hirai M, Hsueh YM, Moriyasu S, Yamane Y. Mechanism of protection by zinc against mercuric chloride toxicity in rats: effects of zinc and mercury on glutathione metabolism. J Toxicol Environ Health 1986; 19: 75-89.
46. Cain K, Inayat-Hussain SH, Kokileva L, Cohen GM. DNA cleavage in rat liver nuclei activated by Mg2+ or Ca2+ + Mg2+ is inhibited by a variety of structurally unrelated inhibitors. Biochem Cell Biol 1994; 72: 631-8.
47. Ramanaiah M, Parthasarathy PR, Venkaiah B. Purification and properties of phospholipase A2 from the venom of scorpion, (Heterometrus fulvipes). Biochem Int 1990; 20 (5): 931-40.
48. Shamoo AE, Maclennan DH, Elderfrawi ME. Differential effects of mercurial compounds on excitable tissues. Chem Biol Interact 1976; 12 (1): 41-52.
49. Berg GG, Miles EF. Mechanisms of inhibition of active transport ATPases by mercurials. Chem Biol Interact 1979; 27 (2-3): 199-219.
50. Chiu VC, Mouring D, Haynes DH. Action of mercurials on the active and passive transport properties of sarcoplasmic reticulum. J Bioenerg Biomembr 1983; 15 (1): 13-25
51. Iturri SJ, Pena A. Heavy metal-induced inhibition of active transport in the rat small intestine in vitro. Interaction with other ions. Comp Biochem Physiol C 1986; 84: 363-8 52. ScheuhammerAM, Cherian MG. Effects of heavy metal cations, sulfhydryl reagents and other chemical agents on striatal D2 dopamine receptors. Biochem Pharmacol
53. Yamanaka K, Yamada S, Hayashi S, Hayashi E. Inhibition by chlorpromazine, metals and I-ascorbic acid of calcium-ATPase and magnesium-ATPase in bovine adrenal medullary microsomes. Jpn J Pharmacol 1984; 34 (4): 447-55.
54. Chapman DW, Shaffer CF. Mercurial diuretics. A comparison of acute cardiac toxicity in animals and the effect of ascorbic acid on detoxification in their intravenous administration. Arch Int Med 1947; 79: 449-56.
55. Magos L. The uptake and retention of mercury by kidneys in the rats. In: Miller MW, Clarkson TW (Eds): Mercury, mercurials and mercaptans. Springfield: Charles C Thomas, 1973: 167-86.
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59. Danielsson BR, Dencker L, Khayat A, Orsen I. Fetotoxicity of inorganic mercury in the mouse: distribution and effects on nutrient uptake by placenta and fetus. Biol Res Pregnancy Perinatol 1984; 5 (3): 102-9.
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63. Girardi G, Elias MM. Effect of different renal glutathione levels on renal mercury disposition and excretion in the rat. Toxicology 1993; 81 (1): 57-67.
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69. Choi BH. The role of glutathione in methylmercury neurotoxicity. Neurotoxicology 1994; 15 (4): 959 (Abstracts from the Twelfth International Neurotoxicolgy Conference, Hot Springs, Arkansas, USA Oct 30 - Nov 2 1994).
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72. Zalups RK, Knutson KL, Schnellmann RG. In vitro analysis of the accumulation and toxicity of inorganic mercury in segments of the proximal tubule isolated from the rabbit kidney. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1993; 119 (2): 221-7.
73. Goodman DR, Fant ME, Harbison RD. Perturbation of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid transport in human placental membranes: direct effects by HgCl2, CH3HgCl, and CdCl2. Teratog Carcinog Mutagen 1983; 3 (1): 89-100.
74. Mateo MCM, Aragon P, Prieto MP. Inhibitory effect of cysteine and methionine on free radicals induced by mercury in red blood cells of patients undergoing haemodialysis. Toxicology in Vitro 1994; 8 (4): 597-9.
75. Oudar P, Caillard L, Fillion G. In vitro effect of organic and inorganic mercury on the serotonergic system. Pharmacol Toxicol 1989; 65: 245-8.
76. Tsai CL, Jang TH, Wang LH. Effects of mercury on serotonin concentration in the brain of tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus. Neurosci Lett 1995; 184 (3): 208-11.
77. Rajanna B, Hobson M. Influence of mercury on uptake of [3H]dopamine and [3H]norepinephrine by rat brain synaptosomes. Toxicol Lett 1985; 27 (1-3): 7-14.
78. Hare MF, Rezazadeh SM, Cooper GP, Minnema DJ, Michaelson IA. Effects of inorganic mercury on [3H]dopamine release and calcium homeostasis in rat striatal synaptosomes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1990; 102 (2): 316-30.
79. Schweri MM. Mercuric chloride and p-chloromercuriphenylsulfonate exert a biphasic effect on the binding of the stimulant [H-3]methylphenidate to the dopamine transporter. Synapse 1994; 16 (3): 188-194.
80. Rajanna B, Hobson M, Harris L, Ware L, Chetty CS. Effects of cadmium and mercury on Na+-K+ ATPase and uptake of 3H-dopamine in rat brain synaptosomes. Archives Internationales de Physiologie et de Biochimie 1990; 98: 291-6.
81. Bartolome J, Whitmore WL, Slotkin TA. Effects of neonatal mercuric chloride administration on growth and biochemical development of neuronal and non-neuronal tissues in the rat: comparison with methylmercury. Toxicol Lett 1984; 22 (1): 101-11.
82. Shaffi SA. Sublethal effect of mercury and lead on monoamine oxidase in different regions of the brain in three freshwater teleosts. Rev Esp Fisiol 1995; 51: 125-8.
83. Rodgers DA, Soliman MRI, Ali SF. Effects of mercuric chloride administration on receptor binding in various rat brain regions. Neurotoxicology 1994; 15 (4): 967 (Abstracts from the Twelfth International Neurotoxicolgy Conference, Hot Springs, Arkansas, USA Oct 30 - Nov 2 1994).
84. Brookes N, Kristt DA. Inhibition of amino acid transport and protein synthesis by HgCl2 and methylmercury in astrocytes: selectivity and reversibility. J Neurochem 1989;
85. Arakawa O, Nakahiro M, Narahashi T. Mercury modulation of GABA-activated chloride channels and non-specific cation channels in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. Brain Res 1991; 551 (1-2): 58-63.
86. Narahashi T, Ma JY. Arakawa O, Ruveny E, Nakahiro M. GABA receptor-channel complex as a target site of mercury, copper, zinc, and lanthanides. Cell Mol Neurobiol 1994; 14 (6): 599-621.
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89. Hursh JB, Greenwood MR, Clarkson TW, Allen J, Demuth S. The effect of ethanol on the fate of mercury vapor inhaled by man. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1980; 214: 520-7. 90. Aposhian HV. Biological chelation: 2,3-dimercapto-propanesulfonic acid and meso-dimercaptosuccinic acid. Adv Enzyme Reg 1982; 20: 301-19.
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92. Zalups RK. Influence of 2, 3-Dimercaptopropane-1-Sulfonate (DMPS ) and Meso- 2,3-Dimercaptosuccinic Acid (DMSA) on the renal disposition of mercury in normal and uninephrectomized rats exposed to inorganic mercury. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1993; 267 (2): 791-800.
93. Jones MM, Basinger MA, Gale GR, Atkins LM, Smith AB, Stone A. Effect of chelate treatments on kidney, bone and brain lead levels of lead-intoxicated mice. Toxicology 1994; 89 (2) : 91-100.
94. Bigazzi PE. Lessons from animal models: the scope of mercury-induced autoimmunity. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1992; 65; (2): 81-4.
95. Anneroth G, Ericson T, Johansson I, Mörnstad H, Ryberg M, Skoglund M et al. Comprehensive medical examination of a group of patients with alleged adverse effects from dental amalgam. Acta Odontol Scand 1992; 50: 101-11.
Linker:
Svensk dentalmaterialutredning 2003: Kvicksilver i tannfyllingsmaterial en uppdaterad miljømedisinsk riskanalys av professor emeritus i miljømedisin Mats Berlin. Tannbleking frigjør kvikksølv fra amalgam (21.05.06)
Environmental mercury release, special education rates, and autism disorder: an ecological study of Texas (03.05.06)
The relationship between mercury from dental amalgam and mental health. Dental amalgam and mercury levels in autopsy tissues: food for thought. (20.04.06)
The relationship between mercury from dental amalgam and the cardiovascular system. Heavy metal as risk factor of cardiovascular disease--an analysis of blood lead and urinary mercury (18.04.06)
Low level methylmercury exposure affects neuropsychological function in adults
Transformations of inorganic mercury by Candida albicans and Saccharomyces
Mercury, fish oils, and the risk of myocardial infarction
Pink ladies: mercury poisoning in twin girls
Mercury released from dental "silver" fillings provokes an increase in mercury- and antibiotic-resistant bacteria in oral and intestinal floras of primates.
Dental amalgam fillings and the amount of organic mercury in human saliva.
An estimation of the uptake of mercury from amalgam fillings based on urinary excretion of mercury in Swedish subjects.
People with high mercury uptake from their own dental amalgam fillings.
Metals and kidney autoimmunity.
Murine mercury-induced autoimmunity: a model of chemically related autoimmunity in humans.
The genotype determines the B cell response in mercury-treated mice.
Mercury induces cell cytotoxicity and oxidative stress and increases beta-amyloid secretion and tau phosphorylation in SHSY5Y neuroblastoma cells.
Mercury vapor inhalation inhibits binding of GTP to tubulin in rat brain: similarity to a molecular lesion in Alzheimer diseased brain.
Mercury from maternal "silver" tooth fillings in sheep and human breast milk. A source of neonatal exposure.
Activation of the immune system and systemic immune-complex deposits in Brown Norway rats with dental amalgam restorations.
Speciation of mercury excreted in feces from individuals with amalgam fillings.
Denne informasjonen er ikke ment å diagnostisere, behandle, kurere eller forebygge sykdom.
Kilder: http://www.tenneroghelse.no/default.asp?page=24&article=27
Litteratur:
1. International Programme on Chemical Safety. Environmental Health Criteria 118. Inorganic Mercury. Geneve: World Health Organization, 1991.
2. Brune D, Evje DM. Man’s mercury loading from a dental amalgam. Sci Total Environ 1985; 44: 51-63.
3. Hahn LJ, Kloiber R, Vimy MJ, Takahashi Y, Lorscheider FL. Dental "silver" tooth fillings: a source of mercury exposure revealed by whole-body image scan and Gewebe analysis. FASEB J 1989; 3: 2641-6.
4. Hahn LJ, Kloiber R, Leininger RW, Vimy MJ, Lorscheider FL. Whole-body imaging of the distribution of mercury released from dental fillings into monkey tissues. FASEB J 1990; 4: 3256-60.
5. Haikel Y, Gasser P, Salek P, Vogel C. Exposure to mercury vapor during setting, removing, and polishing amalgam restorations. J Biomed Meter Res 1990; 24: 1551-8.
6. Nishimura H, Hirota S, Tanaka O, Ueda M, Uno T. Normal mercury level in human embryos and fetuses. Biol Neonate 1974; 24: 197-205.
7. Drasch G, Schupp I, Höfl H, Reinke R, Roider G. Mercury burden of human fetal and infant tissues. Eur J Paediatr 1994, 153 (8 ): 607-10.
8. Waku K, Nakasawa Y. Toxic effects of several mercury compounds on SH- and non-SH enzymes. Toxicol Letters 1979; 4: 49-55.
9. Brookes N. In vitro evidence for the role of glutamate in the CNS toxicity of mercury. Toxicology 1992; 76: 245-56.
10. Kim P, Choi BH. Selective inhibition of glutamate uptake by mercury in cultured mouse astrocytes. Yonsei Med J 1995; 36 (3): 299-305.
11. Rossi A, Manzo L, Orrenius S, Vahter M, Nicotera P. Modifications of cell signaling in the cytotoxicity of metals. Pharmacol Toxicol 1991; 68: 424-9.
12. Uribe A, Chávez E, Jiménez M, Zazueta C, Moreno-Sánchez R. Characterization of Ca2+ transport in Euglena gracilis mitochondria. Biochim Biophys Act 1994; 1186:
13. Sugiyama M. Role of cellular antioxidants in metal-induced damage. Cell Biol Toxicol 1994; 10: 1-22.
14. Nielsen Kudsk F. Absorption of mercury vapour from the respiratory tract in man. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol 1965; 23: 250-62.
15. Hanson M, Pleva J. The dental amalgam issue - a review. Experientia 1991; 47: 10-22.
16. Patterson JE, Weissberg BG, Dennison PJ. Mercury in human breath from dental amalgams. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 1985; 34: 459-68.
17. Stutte H, Groth I. Zur Neuropathologie der Quecksilbervergiftung im Kindesalter. Fortschr Neurol Psychiat 1961; 29: 464-74.
18. Arvidson B, Arvidsson J, Johansson K. Mercury deposits in neurons of the trigeminal ganglia after insertion of dental amalgam in rats. Biometals 1994; 7 (3): 261-3.
19. Nylander M, Friberg L, Eggleston D, Björkman L. Mercury accumulation in tissues from dental staff and controls in relation to exposure. Swed Dent J 1989; 13: 235-43. 20. Hamre HJ. Amalgam og sykdom. Oslo: Vidarforlaget, 1993.
21. Hultman P, Johansson U, Turley SJ, Lindh U, Eneström S, Pollard KM. Adverse immunological effects and autoimmunity induced by dental amalgam and alloy in mice.
22. Berglund F. 150 Years of Dental Amalgam. Case reports spanning 150 years on the adverse effects of dental amalgam. Relationship to poisoning by elemental mercury.
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Linker:
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Dental amalgam fillings and the amount of organic mercury in human saliva.
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People with high mercury uptake from their own dental amalgam fillings.
Metals and kidney autoimmunity.
Murine mercury-induced autoimmunity: a model of chemically related autoimmunity in humans.
The genotype determines the B cell response in mercury-treated mice.
Mercury induces cell cytotoxicity and oxidative stress and increases beta-amyloid secretion and tau phosphorylation in SHSY5Y neuroblastoma cells.
Mercury vapor inhalation inhibits binding of GTP to tubulin in rat brain: similarity to a molecular lesion in Alzheimer diseased brain.
Mercury from maternal "silver" tooth fillings in sheep and human breast milk. A source of neonatal exposure.
Activation of the immune system and systemic immune-complex deposits in Brown Norway rats with dental amalgam restorations.
Speciation of mercury excreted in feces from individuals with amalgam fillings.
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